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Gatekeepers Without A Key: How Cox and Kings II left non-signatories stranded at the gates of Sections 9 and 11 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
This blog post examines the ruling of the Supreme Court in Cox and Kings Ltd. v. SAP India Pvt. Ltd., in which the Court affirmed the Group of Companies Doctrine as a consent-based principle under Sections 2(1)(h) and 7 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 and laid down a five-factor test for binding non-signatories to arbitration.
7 hours ago9 min read


Transnational Estoppel and The Limits of Public Policy in Foreign Award Enforcement
Public policy cannot be used to reopen issues already settled at the seat of arbitration. This article argues that Nagaraj v. Mylandla reshapes Section 48 by disciplining public‑policy review through transnational issue estoppel, preventing enforcement from becoming a disguised appeal. Examining Indian and comparative cases, it shows how the ruling strengthens finality while exposing tensions between estoppel and domestic public‑policy autonomy.
Jul 78 min read


Functus Officio: The Supreme Court reinforces finality and restricts judicial intervention
The apex Court in its recent ruling in the case of Hindustan Construction Company Ltd v. Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited, noted, and importantly so, that “arbitration is often a friend in conferences, but a foe in practice”; this question is the very core of the condition of arbitration of disputes in the country.
Feb 286 min read


Arbitrating Environmental Claims in Maritime Contracts: Sustainability in Dispute Resolution
This blog details the approach taken to adjudicate environmental claims in the context of the maritime industry; analysesboth the basis for the arbitral jurisdiction over these environmental claims; and assesses whether or not the arbitral processis able to continue to provide an effective forum for resolving disputes and promoting sustainability in that environmentwhile simultaneously meeting the traditional commercial objectives for which it was established.
Feb 219 min read


WhatsApp Agreements: Reimagining Arbitration in the Global Age
The recent Delhi High Court judgment in Belvedere Resources DMCC v. OCL Iron & Steel Ltd 2025 SCC OnLine Del 4652 held Whatsapp messages and email constituted a valid arbitration agreement under Section 7(4)(b) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
Feb 147 min read


The Expert's Gambit: Reframing 'Issue Conflict' in Modern Arbitration
an ‘issue conflict’ in arbitration describes the existence of actual or apparent bias on the part of the arbitrator stemming from his or her previously expressed views on a question that goes to the very outcome of the case to be decided. It denotes the arbitrator’s relationship to the subject matter of the dispute, and his or her perceived capacity to adjudicate with an open mind
Feb 77 min read


Minimal Interference, Maximum Efficacy: Enforcement of Foreign Commercial Arbitral Awards in India Post-2015
This article examines India’s evolving pro-enforcement stance towards foreign commercial arbitral awards following the 2015 amendments to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. It highlights how courts now restrict interference to narrow grounds under Section 48 (fraud, corruption, or violation of fundamental policy/morality) while penalizing dilatory tactics. Analysis of Landmark Cases such as Renusagar, Shri Lal Mahal, Vijay Karia, and Avitel provided.
Sep 28, 202511 min read


Non-Est Filings and Limitation under Section 34: Delhi High Court’s Pragati Constructions Ruling
The article critically examines the Delhi High Court’s recent full bench ruling in Pragati Constructions Consultants v. Union of India (2025), which addressed the consequences of procedural defects in Section 34 petitions under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
Sep 14, 20256 min read


Real Estate Arbitration in India: Practice, Pitfalls, and the Path Forward
The blog examines the increasing use of arbitration to resolve various types of real estate disputes in India, including those between countries, construction-related matters, and tech-related disputes.
Sep 6, 20259 min read


Pragmatism over Pedantry: In Defence of the Power to Modify Arbitral Awards Post-Gayatri Balaswamy
This article presents a detailed legal analysis in support of the Supreme Court's landmark majority opinion in Gayatri Balaswamy v. M/S ISG Novasoft Technologies Ltd. It argues that granting courts a limited power to modify arbitral awards is a pragmatic and necessary evolution, not judicial overreach, and counters textualist critiques by defending the Court’s purposive interpretation, which frames modification as a logical corollary of severability.
Aug 30, 202510 min read
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